lafeber: george kennan (Default)
[personal profile] lafeber
Политику разрядки (детант) мы успешно оформили в документах за три года при Никсоне (1969-1972). С 1973 года стало понятно, что ДРВ (Северный Вьетнам) уверенно побеждает в своей войне с США и эвакуация Сайгона дело неизбежное. Вместо того, чтобы успокоиться, насладиться плодам дипломатических побед, перевести дух и наконец-то заняться внутренними экономическими реформами, руководство СССР вдруг снова вспомнило про «классовую борьбу» и «мировое соотношение сил» и 1974 году влезло в Анголу. Видимо, свежепостроенный океанский военный флот Горшкова и трехкратное повышение цен на нефть ударило в голову и помешало захмелевшему Политбюро принимать взвешенные решения. Мы продолжили расшатывать статус-кво в странах Третьего мира, невзирая на то, что США откровенно устали от заварушек там и своим согласием с детантом иносказательно просили СССР о заморозке всех этих «движений за освобождение».

После ухода португальцев из колонии в Анголе появилось три разных группировки. СССР и Куба поддержали MPLA на северо-западе. На северо-востоке FNLA получало бельгийское оружие через Заир, а с юга наступление начала UNITA при поддержке ЮАР и США. В 1974-1975 не обошлось без анекдота: КНР также влезло в этот конфликт чисто из принципа, прознав о советском участии, и из-за своего обостренного антисоветизма Мао принялся помогать UNITA, став тем самым бок о бок с американцами. В 1976 «народная» MPLA одержала победу, а Конгресс США обрезал Джеральду Форду финансирование в Анголе. Ликующий СССР перекинулся в Эфиопию, где местные в 1976 объявили о начале своей собственной марксистско-ленинской революции. Советскому Союзу вдруг показалось, что он открыл для себя формулу успеха в странах Третьего мира: от страны-получателя требовалось иметь марксистскую партию во власти, а от СССР современные военно-транспортные мощности типа ролкеров и Камазов, и всё. Хрущев в 50-е грезил о новых союзниках для СССР в освобождающихся колониях, но дальше Ближнего Востока прорваться не смог, в 60-е Советский Союз не смог пробиться к Конго и усилить там свое влияние, в 70-е такие дальние экспедиции нам были уже по плечу. Ангола, Эфиопия и подготовка к Афганистану – это всё звенья одной запойной цепи. Это хрущевское стародавнее идеологическое желание определять развитие Третьего мира. Задиристое брежневское Политбюро, объевшееся нефтяной виагры, не сумело по-рыцарски оценить глубину американских уступок 1972-1975 годов и сделало свой выбор: классовая борьба в Третьем мире вдруг оказалась делом более важным, чем политика разрядки, хотя Косыгинские реформы провалились недавно и по идее должны были пронизывать фантомными болями весь Центральный Комитет. Когда Хрущева свергали в 1964 году, одно из многочисленных обвинений в его адрес состояло в том, что «он своими авантюрными действиями отсрочил наступление детанта на 15 лет». Прошло 10 лет, и брежневская братия забыла о том обвинении, продемонстрировав тем самым, что не ценила то, что уже имела. Последовательность не была нашим сильным коньком, хотя, казалось бы, плановое хозяйство и все дела. Американцы в своих Конгрессах бессильно взирали на эту вспышку советской активности с нарастающим раздражением, что с каждым годом приводило к прореживанию стана сторонников политики разрядки и усилению консервативного антисоветизма, нашедшего выразителя своих чаяний в Рейгане. А всего-то надо было не лезть в Анголу.

Date: 2020-07-06 12:09 pm (UTC)
tijd: (Default)
From: [personal profile] tijd
Рефлексивным антикоммунизмом американских консерваторов пользовались разного рода мошенники.

Характерный пример - Джек Абрамофф, который в 1985 организовал в Анголе под эгидой UNITA “Jamboree in Jamba” (Democratic International) - съезд “борцов за свободу”, который в ретроспективе выглядит весьма тошнотворно https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_International

Citizens for America staged an unprecedented meeting of anti-Communist rebel leaders calling themselves "Armed Movements Fighting Against Soviet Expansionism", formed by Nicaraguan, Laotian, Angolan and Afghan (Mujahideen) rebels in June 1985 in Jamba, Angola, the UNITA headquarters of Angolan rebel Jonas Savimbi. The guerrilla leaders were presented with a copy of the United States Declaration of Independence, and a letter from President Reagan supporting CFA was read, although the Reagan administration refused to officially support all of the guerrilla groups.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_for_America

Позже Абрамофф на основе ангольских впечатлений снимет в Голливуде тошнотворный фильм “Red Scorpion”.

A quarter of a century ago, Abramoff and anti-tax crusader Grover Norquist were fellow Young Turks of the Reagan revolution. They organized Massachusetts college campuses in the 1980 election -- Abramoff while he was an undergraduate at Brandeis and Norquist at Harvard Business School -- to help Ronald Reagan pull an upset in the state.
They moved to Washington, maneuvered to take over the College Republicans -- at the time a sleepy establishment organization -- and transformed it into a right-wing activist group. They were joined by Ralph Reed, an ambitious Georgian whose later Christian conversion would fuel his rise to national political prominence.
Soon they made headlines with such tactics as demolishing a mock Berlin Wall in Lafayette Park, where they also burned a Soviet leader in effigy. "We want to shock them," Abramoff told The Post at the time.
They forged lifelong ties. At Reagan's 72nd-birthday party at the White House, Reed introduced Abramoff to his future wife, Pam Alexander, who was working with Reed. She eventually converted to Judaism and embraced the Orthodox beliefs Abramoff had adopted as a teenager.
Even in those early days, there were hints of the troubles to come. "If anyone is not surprised at the rise and fall of Jack Abramoff, it is me," said Rich Bond, a former chairman of the Republican National Committee.
Abramoff and his crew busted the College Republicans' budget with a 1982 national direct-mail fundraising campaign that ended up "a colossal flop," said Bond, then deputy director of the party's national committee. He said he banished the three from GOP headquarters, telling Abramoff: "You can't be trusted."
Shortly thereafter, Abramoff was running Citizens for America, a conservative grass-roots group founded by drugstore magnate Lewis E. Lehrman. Abramoff was in frequent contact with Marine Lt. Col. Oliver L. North, the Reagan White House's Iran-contra mastermind, about grass-roots efforts to lobby Congress for the Nicaraguan contras, according to records in the National Security Archive.
One of Abramoff's most audacious adventures involved Jonas Savimbi, the Angolan rebel leader who had U.S. support but was later found to have ordered the murders of his movement's representative to the United States and that man's relatives. With Savimbi, Abramoff organized a "convention" of anticommunist guerrillas from Laos, Nicaragua and Afghanistan in a remote part of Angola. Afterward, Lehrman fired Abramoff amid a dispute about the handling of the group's $3 million budget.
Abramoff also worked on behalf of the apartheid South African government, which secretly paid $1.5 million a year to the International Freedom Foundation, a nonprofit group that Abramoff operated out of a townhouse in the 1980s, according to sworn testimony to the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
At the same time, Abramoff dabbled as a Hollywood producer, shepherding an anticommunist movie, "Red Scorpion," starring Dolph Lundgren, filmed in Namibia, which was then ruled by South Africa. Actors in the film said they saw South African soldiers on the set. When the film was released in 1989, anti-apartheid groups demonstrated at the theaters. The movie ran into financial difficulty during and after production, but Abramoff produced a sequel, "Red Scorpion 2."

https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/28/AR2005122801588_2.html

По-настоящему Абрамофф развернулся после 1994, когда его бывшие приятели по College Republicans завоевали большинство в Конгрессе, а он сам стал королем лоббистов по прозвищу “Casino Jack” https://puppet-djt.livejournal.com/66234.html

Один из его давних приятелей и коллег - Пол Эриксон, «бойфренд» Марии Бутиной. Ныне они оба садятся в тюрьму за новое мошенничество.

Date: 2020-07-07 12:48 pm (UTC)
tijd: (Default)
From: [personal profile] tijd
у Савимби организация была на высоком уровне

Савимби был не лишён талантов. «Борец за свободу» рвался к власти и диктатуре.

В 1976 в Конгрессе была принята «поправка Кларка», которая запрещала прямую помощь UNITA. ЦРУ это мало останавливало. Поправку отменили в 1985, на фоне ослабления советской помощи правительству Анголы https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Amendment

Своим успехом в Вашингтоне Савимби был обязан ещё одному жулику, ныне отбывающему срок за мошенничество - Полу Манафорту. В 1985 Савимби за $600 тысяч нанял компанию Манафорта, и они благополучно создали ему привлекательный имидж и пролоббировали выделение помощи.

The firm’s most successful right-wing makeover was of the Angolan guerrilla leader Jonas Savimbi, a Maoist turned anti-communist insurgent, whose army committed atrocities against children and conscripted women into sexual slavery. During the general’s 1986 trip to New York and Washington, Manafort and his associates created what one magazine called “Savimbi Chic.” Dressed in a Nehru suit, Savimbi was driven around in a stretch limousine and housed in the Waldorf-Astoria and the Grand Hotel, projecting an image of refinement. The firm had assiduously prepared him for the mission, sending him monthly reports on the political climate in Washington. According to The Washington Post, “He was meticulously coached on everything from how to answer his critics to how to compliment his patrons.” Savimbi emerged from his tour as a much-championed “freedom fighter.” When the neoconservative icon Jeane Kirkpatrick introduced Savimbi at the American Enterprise Institute, she declared that he was a “linguist, philosopher, poet, politician, warrior … one of the few authentic heroes of our time.”
This was a racket—Savimbi paid the firm $600,000 in 1985 alone—that Black, Manafort, Stone and Kelly did its best to keep alive; the firm’s own business was tied to Savimbi’s continued rebellion against Angola’s leftist regime. As the country stood on the brink of peace talks in the late ’80s, after nearly 15 years of bloody civil war, the firm helped secure fresh batches of arms for its client, emboldening Savimbi to push forward with his military campaign. Former Senator Bill Bradley wrote in his memoir, “When Gorbachev pulled the plug on Soviet aid to the Angolan government, we had absolutely no reason to persist in aiding Savimbi. But by then he had hired an effective Washington lobbying firm.” The war continued for more than a decade, killing hundreds of thousands of Angolans.

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/03/paul-manafort-american-hustler/550925/

Роджер Стоун, бизнес-партнёр Манафорта, должен сесть в тюрьму через неделю, если только не добьётся ещё одной отсрочки или президентского помилования.

Roger Stone, a confidant to President Trump, made an emergency appeal Monday to postpone the date on which he must report to prison next week, citing health risks because of the deadly coronavirus.
Stone, 67, asked the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit to extend by 51 days an order requiring him to surrender to a federal prison in Georgia on July 14.
Stone’s lawyers said in their filing that U.S. District Judge Amy Berman Jackson “largely failed to address the evidence that Stone provided that demonstrates that he is at considerable risk from serious health consequences, including death, if his surrender date is not extended until September 3.”

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/legal-issues/roger-stone-again-seeks-to-delay-reporting-to-prison/2020/07/06/df210102-bfd7-11ea-b178-bb7b05b94af1_story.html

Date: 2020-07-09 10:48 am (UTC)
tijd: (Default)
From: [personal profile] tijd
употребили термин Torturers’ lobby

“Torturers’ lobby” назывался доклад CPI (Center for Public Integrity), выпущенный в 1992 https://cloudfront-files-1.publicintegrity.org/legacy_projects/pdf_reports/THETORTURERSLOBBY.pdf

Вашингтонские журналисты гордились тем, что раскрутили Уотергейт и свалили Никсона. Но в 1980ые разоблачительных расследований стало меньше. Рейган привел с собой новую команду. Чтобы получить к ней доступ и узнать о том, что происходит в Белом доме, приходилось пользоваться услугами инсайдеров вроде лоббистов из компании Black, Manafort, Stone, Kelly, а в ответ размещать нужные им материалы вроде пиара Савимби. Некоторые журналисты-расследователи, которых от подобной практики тошнило, ушли в CPI.

I spoke to several Washington journalists who covered Savimbi in the late 1980s. Most of them said they’d known about his terrible human rights record. “One look at this guy, and you knew he was a complete fraud,” said Howard Fineman, former chief political correspondent for Newsweek. So why did so many national media outlets—The Washington Post, The National Review, Reader’s Digest, 60 Minutes—have good things to say about him?
When Ronald Reagan became president in 1981, much of the Washington press corps struggled to find sources in the new administration. Manafort, and the other partners at his firm, were perfectly positioned. As leaders in the Young Republicans, they had supported Reagan early on, and had played a central role in his 1980 presidential campaign. “They were in the right place at the right time, with a built-in network that was perfect for the Reagan years,” Fineman said. “They were the dark princes of the 1980s.”
Journalists connected to Manafort, Black, Stone, and Kelly had an easier time understanding what was going on in the Reagan administration. You’d never want to use them as your only source for a story, Fineman said, but they’d give you leads you couldn’t find anywhere else. “Anybody with half a brain who looked at these guys knew that they were important, and was interested in what they were selling.”
Manafort, Black, Stone, and Kelly seemed to genuinely connect with journalists. Evan Thomas, former correspondent at Time and editor-at-large at Newsweek, said the feelings were often mutual. “There is a certain class of lobbyist that is very good at the care and keeping of journalists,” Thomas said. “They share their sense of humor, they share their worldliness, they are cynical about their own clients. There is an easy banter, an easy familiarity.” The lobbyists would also learn new things from the journalists. “Each side was using the other.” <...>
Charles Lewis, the founder of the Center for Public Integrity (CPI), a D.C.-based investigative journalism nonprofit, had a different theory of why journalists were willing to provide Manafort the kind of coverage he wanted. In the 1980s, Lewis said, “the Washington press corps was, frankly, lazy and asleep.” He told me that, among investigative journalists, this era is widely recognized for its lack of aggressive political coverage.
“The Washington press corps became pretty dutiful,” Lewis said. “Their reporting had just brought down a Republican president, with Watergate. Suddenly you have a very popular president, who won overwhelmingly in 1980. A lot of the press wanted to show that they could do responsible, daily coverage that maybe did not include investigative, “gotcha” journalism.” They wanted to charm the popular president and the people around him.
“It’s about power, and the proximity to power, and—let’s be really direct here—the financial interests of the media.” The Washington press corps’ tendency to bend to the will of Washington elites, Lewis said, was what spurred his decision to move away from mainstream media, and start CPI, in 1989.
A few years later, CPI published “The Torturer’s Lobby,” a report on Black, Manafort, Stone, and Kelly—and other lobbying firms like it. The report, written by USA Today journalist Pamela Brogan, called Savimbi “a brutal murderer,” and exposed the ways in which Manafort’s firm had propped him up in Washington. But when CPI released “The Torturer’s Lobby,” almost no one would cover it. Two hours before a segment on the report was scheduled to air on ABC, producers decided not to run it. “When they realized what the story was about,” Lewis said, “they killed it on the spot.”

https://www.theatlantic.com/membership/archive/2018/02/how-paul-manafort-influenced-the-media/553529/

CPI сыграл роль в недавней истории - в 2017 они получили Пулитцеровскую премию за расследование Панамских бумаг https://publicintegrity.org/inside-publici/center-for-public-integrity-wins-pulitzer-prize-for-panama-papers/

“Putin believed the Panama Papers attack was sponsored by Hillary Clinton's people“
https://puppet-djt.dreamwidth.org/86563.html

Date: 2020-07-08 03:11 pm (UTC)
kostya_moskowit: (Default)
From: [personal profile] kostya_moskowit
История ничему наших "стратегов" не учит. Сейчас, когда американцы попытались выйти из Афганистана, Ирака и Сирии - мы "влезли" и амерам пришлось остаться. Но мы ж не останавливаемся - мы полезли в Ливию, а это зона контроля Европы - Франция и Италия теперь будут вынуждены туда влезть, вернее уже приходится.

Date: 2020-07-09 07:42 am (UTC)
kostya_moskowit: (Default)
From: [personal profile] kostya_moskowit
Мы в Африке почти везде нужны как некая альтернатива. Как способ продемонстрировать местным свою илюзорную независимость от денежных мешков Запада. Я по Алжиру знаю. Французы считают эту страну своей как мы Украину или Болгарию. А вот Алжир постоянно заманивает к себе наше и китайское присутствие ради политической демонстрации независимости. Хотя вся местная элита традиционно учится в Сорбоне и говорит по-французски. Так и Ливию своей считает Италия со времен Древнего Рима, а мы там ничего не зарабатываем, кроме проблем. Чем лучше дела в Ливии - тем ниже цена на газ в Европе, а нам-то это зачем?

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